Juan Bolivar Soto Essays - Speculative Fiction,

Juan Bolivar Soto Mr. Budhram Pre-AP World Literature February 2017 Dealing with New Beginnings Lian Hearn is an Australian author, captivated by the Japanese culture since very young. Mesmerized by the diverse traditions, Hearn had the opportunity to learn many aspects of the inspiring civilization once she visited Japan in 1993. Throughout her book, "Across the Nightingale Floor", she portrays these sceneries and traditions using several literal devices to describe the events and detail fictional images of the situations taking place for the reader. Surviving a mass murder upon your village is not an easy task, starting all over again? Even harder. In the narrative the main character, Takeo, unravels his fear yet determination to become the new man he had to befit, through grief and sorrow, bravery is shown as well as ambition to pursue greatness among the Otori and avenge the murders upon his past domain. The story begins with the protagonist Tomasu, later known as Takeo, whom develops heightened senses of hearing and alternate powers after losing his due to the discriminating persecution justified by the corrupt ways of lord Ida Sadamu. His domain being the most powerful of the 3 clans: Ida, Otori and Noguchi, gains power through merciless conquest, battles and torments. Takeo emotionally unstable, and full of sorrow is saved by Lord Otori whom finds him disoriented in the woods running from Ida's men those which pursued him from causing their lord to fall off his horse. Refusing to let go of the fugitive Otori takes Tomasu in giving him the chance to start a new life as a member of the Otori Clan, change his name and beliefs with the opportunity to avenge his family. Lian Hearn, the author of the book, uses imagery to represent the scenery and acute hearing Takeo experiences during the making of his new unraveled self. During the travel to the Hagi Village where the Otori live, they pass through other towns and mountains where Takeo describes the scenery through imagery and metaphorical analysis. This is implemented as a way of appealing to our senses while in detail describing the newfound abilities he discovers and tests during his stay in each one of the villages. Through the story, Takeo is able to hear sounds such as water falling from far away, birds chirping high up in the sky, the clapping of fish swimming on the surface of lakes miles away and most accurately the voice of servants and maid's rooms away yet with the same quality as if they were whispering their conversations right onto the sides of his ears. The author also applies personification to describe the powers Takeo obtains after his encounter with Lord Ida "The murmur of a stream sounded to me like the voice of the water spirit, and every time a fox barked or an owl hooted I came awake, my pulse racing." This personification is used to describe Takeo's perception of sounds at night while he tries to sleep but mercilessly fails due to the many sounds he's attaining all at once. They don't allow him to focus, the smallest of whispers jolt him up, disallowing him to sleep or take a break. This makes Takeo nervous, for he had never heard of such thing before yet didn't speak on it so others wouldnt deem him as crazy or a disappointment to Lord Otori. He already owed him enough and couldn't risk the chance of embarrassing his savior over irrational assumptions. Because of this he chooses to keep it to himself and maintain his behavior at its best alongside Lord Otori. Lian Hearn also uses Metaphors to describe the relationship between Takeo and Lord Otori, the character compares the situation to that of a Heron hunting for fish "Otori Shigeru was the heron, and I was the little wriggling thing he had scooped up, plunging down the mountain into my world and swooping away again" through this metaphor the character explains how Otori protected him, took him under his wing without asking for anything but appreciation, swooping him away from everything he has ever known into a strange world he has yet to get accustomed to. It all happens very quickly like heron's prey on their fish,

Dissertation Thesis

Dissertation Thesis Dissertation Thesis Dissertation Thesis Tips To start speaking about creating a dissertation thesis, it is necessary to make clear what a thesis is. Within the past few years the term thesis has acquired an additional meaning. Now the third meaning of this word is document, dissertation. But in this paper we shall speak about a thesis as a conjecture, an essential part of any dissertation. Well, a thesis is a conjecture, which must be supported by evidence a dissertation writer collects. Therefore, a dissertation is a lengthy piece of writing that argues to defend a particular dissertation thesis. The research, conducted by a dissertation writer to support a thesis, must be original and substantial. A dissertation is created not only to show a writers ability to gather, synthesize ad analyze evidence, but also to demonstrate his original contribution to a particular field. The scientific method of research means that a dissertation writer starts with a conjecture, and after that provides evidence w hich supports or denies it. So before writing a dissertation to defend a dissertation thesis, it is necessary to collect evidence, supporting this thesis. Students face with unexpected difficulties, as it appears that the most difficult aspect of dissertation is not creating a dissertation thesis and collecting evidence, but organizing them into a coherent form. Writing a dissertation, it is important to keep in the forefront of ones mind that any argument is being constructed to defend a dissertation thesis. It is important to think about the main dissertation idea as you write, is this way you will be protected from danger of writing useless pages, which are away from the main path. Every paragraph you write should be about the central argument, giving additional evidence, synthesis of evaluation of evidence, related to your dissertation thesis. While you write, remember that every statement of your dissertation must be supported by original work or by a reference to a particul ar published paper. Avoid a mere reproducing of the material you found, you should use the results of a scientists work as a fact and refer the reader of your dissertation to the source. Moreover, keep in mind that your dissertation must be written according to the rules of formal grammar. Well, we hope that the stated above tips will be useful for you, and now the nature of dissertation thesis is clear. So, maybe it is high time to start looking for a topic that will interest you particularly.

Two-Career Family versus One-Career Family Essay

Two-Career Family versus One-Career Family - Essay Example Men are more familiar with the official work, but when they have to manage the household duties they find it really difficult to manage both at the same time, simply because they have to devote more time towards the domestic activities. So, both men and women have to sacrifice time for both the activities and thus reducing the efficiency in the sphere they are more familiar with. It has been seen that even a highly educated wife can look after the home, which the husband cannot (Hester and Dickerson 1). In a 1-career family the earning member has to face different types of problems and challenges like taking care of the family finances, transportation, taking care of the children and other household jobs all alone (Gladow and Ray 1). In the 2-career system, both share the duties, maybe not equal, while in the 1-career system the only bread earner has to take all the responsibilities. The 2-career family lifestyle is more popular than the other form and the primary reason is to increase the family income as the cost of living is increasing day by day. Although it results in financial gains, it brought with itself problems as well. The husband and wife have rarely been able to equally share the responsibilities, especially at home. Women, with equally challenging and demanding job roles, compared to men have to take the load of the domestic work. Although men have encouraged women to start a career in the professional field, they have not been able to help them out in domestic work and share equal responsibilities. They could never turn into a partner in this field and at best they have been helping hands for their wives. Hence, wives have to bear the brunt of the responsibilities at home. But it should be noted that the stress levels among the traditional couples are the same as the modern ones (Hester and Dickerson 1).

Depletion of the High Plains Aquifer (paper 5) Essay

Depletion of the High Plains Aquifer (paper 5) - Essay Example In America there is an adequate amount of agricultural land to, for the most part, sustain our population. Gutentag’s observations indicate that the farmers of this agricultural land in turn rely heavily on whatever water resources they can exploit to bolster production. Irrigation is the major issue causing a depletion of the water table in this region, posing a major threat to the Ogallala aquifer (Gutentag). The recharge is considered a factor of interest in this paper. Cities located on the aquifer will also be considered as possible factors. This paper will examine the origin of the Ogallala aquifer, its depletion, consequences of this depletion and the possible measures which can be taken to curb its depletion. Besides, I will also address the counterarguments to this depletion. Before evaluating whether depletion in aquifers is anthropogenic or natural it would benefit to address where the ground water came from. Multiple factors play the contributory role in the establ ishment of underground water among which are glacial melt, underground water movement through infiltration and percolation (MacNeill; McDermott &. Horne).â€Å"Glaciers account for more than scenic alpine landscapes. Glacial deposits form fertile soils in the Unites States and southern Canada and many ground-water aquifers†(Smith 438). 21,000 years ago a massive glacier covered most of the United States. As this glacier receded to what now is the glacier covering Greenland, it ground the surface rock, creating fertile soil in its wake as well as saturating the aquifers below. Since then there has been small amounts of recharge from rain and snow absorption, but the vast majority was accumulated from the last ice age (Hutson, Barber, Kenny, Linsey, Lumia, and Maupin). During the thawing process, when the snow water melts, some melt water find their way to the underground channels though the soil pores and rock joints. This seeping water upon reaching the aquifer often settle i n this region to form the underground punk. Besides, the glacial moraine forms fertile grounds for agricultural practices, a common phenomenon which ushered in the south west region after the universal glacial recession, the geologic ice age, about 250- 350 million years ago. The presence of fertile soil and convenient access to groundwater below the surface has created an agricultural oasis in the Midwest, but the many straws stuck into the aquifer are draining it at an alarming rate. Ground water in aquifers is typically discharged through natural and anthropogenic means. â€Å"Permanently flowing streams intersect the water table and gain discharge from ground water flow. Streams not in contact with the water table are dry during periods of limited rainfall. When streams above the water table receives runoff, some of the flow is lost to ground water through infiltration through the bed† (Smith 418). In nature, without anthropogenic effects, an individual would note that Aq uifers are constantly ‘full’, giving off whatever rainfall or snowmelt acquired in the form of discharge into local streams. This is almost never the case currently, due to the result of the anthropogenic effect on the aquifers. As humans have tapped into the aquifers, they have dropped

Understanding Buyers Value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding Buyers Value - Essay Example Understanding Buyers Value Michael Porter (1991. pp103) presented an internal value chain of an organization from conceptualization to delivery of products to customers and argued that "Buyer Value is created when a firm lowers its buyer's cost or enhances buyer's performance". From the author's perspective, the buyer's value is the positive perception of the buyer herself/himself that the organization has earned amidst many factors that influence the perception. The factors may be behaviour with the buyer, communications carried out with the buyer, clarity & transparency of information provided to the buyer, understanding of buyer's need, personalization of the solution against buyer's needs, discount levels provided to the buyer, value added services provided to the buyer. and after sales services & product upgradation services provided to the buyer whenever requested. It may be possible that the buyer has carried out competitive pricing analysis before the bargaining and hence the seller has to either justi fy higher price by demonstrating tangible value additions or simply quote lower than competition to sell the products. Hence, Porter's argument about lowering of buyer's cost and enhancing buyer's performance again gets applicable if the buyer appreciates these facts from her/his perspective. The firm’s perspective can at the most be to control the factors (value chain management) that can achieve the positive perceptions of the buyer – what the buyer finally perceives is the actual value achieved by the firm. The author strongly agrees about the theory of reduced sacrifice undertaken by the buyer because it strongly influences the perception of the buyer regarding the firm. Discussion Points Elmaghraby and Keskinocak (2003. pp1288-1289) presented the mechanism of dynamic pricing to get the best benefits out of increased customer demands and reduced inventories. In such cases, the firms tend to increase their prices which definitely tend to increase the sacrifice level of customers to acquire the prices. The author wishes to discuss if such dynamic pricing strategies in the attempt to get the best out of "favorable conditions for the firm" cause long term damage to the value perceptions of the customers which may backfire especially when the demands eases. Slater and Narver (1998. pp1000-1005) presented that long term competitive advantages of companies can be improved by carrying out innovations more towards market orientation than customer orientation. This is primarily because customers are grossly ignorant about their needs. But on the contrary it is true that customers perceive value on their own based on their social influences and past experiences. The author wishes to discuss how companies should be able to control the perceptions of customers to achieve positive buyer value if this theory about market orientation should be trusted Conclusion: The author presented own perspective about buyer's value stating that this largely depends upon the factors that drive positive perceptions in customer's mind. The best that an organization can do is to apply effective efforts to achieve this positive perceptio

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Virulence and Pathogenesis Issues

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Virulence and Pathogenesis Issues Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative, motile, aerobic rod shaped bacterium which can occur as singles, in pairs and occasionally in short chains. P.aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism which can proliferate under the sparest conditions such as sinks, toilets, cosmetics, vaporisers, inhalers, respirators, and anaesthesiology and dialysis equipment. Infected patients and staff are also potential primary sources of infection (2). P.aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen of the immunocompromised causing a wide range of nosocomial infections. These include infections of burn, post operative wounds, urinary tract (especially in patients with catheters), ears and eyes. Infection frequently leads to sepsis and deaths can occur (3). This organism is associated with the greatest morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (4) and is prevalent among patients with burn wounds and intravenous drug users (5, 6). P.aeruginosa is able to persist and multiply in moist environments and on mos t pieces of equipment in hospital wards. This is of importance in cross infection control (4). P.aeruginosa is the most important, resistant and dangerous organism infecting burn patients (7). It is the fifth common pathogen among hospital microorganisms and causes 10% of all hospital acquired infections (8). The rate of commensalisation increases as the duration of hospital stay increases (9). Epidermiologically, P.aeruginosa is ranked as the fourth cause of nosocomial infections in the United States (10). A study on various clinical isolates was conducted in Afghanistan at the Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Hayatabal Medical Complex to ascertain the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P.aeruginosa infections. Among the positive isolates, 6.67% were P.aeruginosa with the highest rate of infection observed in orthopaedic ward (24.61%) and 0PD (20%). The highest percentage of P.aeruginosa isolates were observed in pus (57.64%) (11). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to many antimicrobial agents and has therefore become dominant and important when the more susceptible bacteria of the normal flora are suppressed (1). With the widespread use of quinolones both in the hospital and in the common setting, drug resistant P.aeruginosa isolates have emerged and continue to escalate rapidly (12). The antimicrobial agents are losing their efficacy due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics, lack of awareness, patient non compliance and unhygienic conditions (11). Like most gram negative bacilli, P.aeruginosa has been reported to have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants. It was originally sensitive to Carbernicillin, piperacillin, Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs. However it is now resistant to these antibiotics (13, 14). The virulence factors associated with P.aeruginosa infections include cytotoxin production, the organisms ability to form a biofilm, produce gelatinase, elastase an d alkaline protease. These cause the destruction of connective tissue and degradation of host immunological factors (15, 16). The primary aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of P.aeruginosa in wound infections and its sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in inpatients at Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common Gram-negative microorganisms identified in the clinical specimens of hospital admitted patients. It is a rod that measures about 0.6 2Â µm and is motile by means of a single polar flagellum (1, 18). P. aeruginosa is noted for its metabolic versatility and its exceptional ability to colonize a wide variety of environments and also for its intrinsic resistance to a wide variety of antimicrobial agents. It is an obligate aerobe that grows well at temperatures between 37-42Â °C. Due to its ubiquitous nature, P. aeruginosa grows readily on any type of media (1). On Blood agar they are often ÃŽ ²-haemolytic while on MacConkey agar they produce pale colonies because they do not ferment lactose. P.aeruginosa is oxidase positive (17). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well known for its production of two soluble pigments, pyocyanin which is a non-fluorescent bluish pigment and the fluorescent pigment pyoverdin, which gives a greenish colour to the media. P. aeruginosa also produces a sweet grape-like odour due to the production of 2-aminoacetophenone (1, 17). PATHOGENESIS P. aeruginosa is pathogenic when introduced to areas lacking normal host defences for example when there is tissue damage and during cancer therapy where there is neutropaenia (1). P.aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen of the immunocompromised causing a wide range of nosocomial infections. These include infections of burn, post operative wounds, urinary tract (especially in patients with catheters), ears and eyes (in users of extended-wear soft contact lenses). Infection frequently leads to sepsis and deaths can occur (3). This organism is associated with the greatest morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (4) and is prevalent among patients with burn wounds and intravenous drug users (5, 6). It produces cytotoxins, proteases and haemolysins. Isolates from patients with Cystic fibrosis produce a polysaccharide, alginate. The alginate, pili and outer membrane mediate adhesion to host epithelia (19). VIRULENCE FACTORS The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cause a wide range of infections is due to its ability to produce a number of cell-associated (adhesions, alginate, pili, flagella and lipopolysaccharide) and extracellular (elastase, exoenzyme S, exotoxin A, haemolysins, iron binding proteins, leukocidins and proteases) virulence factors. These mediate a number of processes including adhesion, nutrient acquisition, immune system evasion, leukocyte killing, tissue adhesion and blood stream invasion (20, 21). CELL-ASSOCIATED VIRULENCE FACTORS P.aeruginosa requires a breach in first-line defences to initiate infection. This can result from alteration of the immunologic defence mechanisms for example in chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression and AIDS, disruption of the protective balance of mucosal normal flora by broad-spectrum antibiotics, or breach of normal mucosal barriers for example trauma and burns (21, 23). Adherence of P. aeruginosa to host epithelium is mediated by type 4 pili, that extend from the cell surface (1, 22). Flagella, primarily responsible for motility may also act as adhesins to epithelial cells (23). Lipopolysaccharides are responsible for endotoxic properties of the organism while the exopolysacharride is responsible for the mucoid colonies from patients with Cystic fibrosis (1). EXTRACELLULAR VIRULENCE FACTORS These are extracellular products produced by P. aeruginosa that can cause extensive tissue damage. They include exotoxin A, exoenzyme S, elastase, alkaline protease but the contribution of a given factor varies with the type of infection (24). Exotoxin A catalyses ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of elongation factor 2, leading to inhibition of protein biosynthesis and cell death (25). It is also responsible for local tissue necrosis (1). Exoenzyme S is also an ADP-riboslytransferase that ribosylates GTP binding proteins resulting in direct tissue damage (26). Phospholipase C and rhamnolipid are haemolysin produced by P. aeruginosa. They breakdown lipids and lecithin and both have cytotoxic effects (27). Pseudomonas aeruginosa also produces toxins which include Las B elastase, Las A elastase and alkaline protease (28). Las A elastase and Las B elastase have elastolytic activity. Elastin is a major component of lung tissue and blood vessels. Las B elastase is a zinc metalloprotease while Las A is a protease. Alkaline protease lyses fibrin (29). BIOFILMS Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also able to form biofilms. Biofilms are complex communities of surface-attached aggregates of microorganisms embedded in a self-secreted extracellular polysaccharide matrix or slime (alginate) (30, 31). These act as efficient barriers against antimicrobial agents (aminoglycosides, ÃŽ ² lactamases, fluoroqunilones and disinfectants) and the host immune system resulting in persistent colonisation and loss of action at the site of infection (32, 33). CELL TO CELL SIGNALLING Cell to cell signalling systems control extracellular virulence factors required for tissue invasion by P. aeruginosa. THE LAS CELL TO CELL SIGNALLING SYSTEM The Las cell to cell signalling system regulates the expression of Las B elastase (34). It regulates Las B expression and is required for optimal production of other extracellular virulence factors such as Las A elastase and exotoxin A (35). THE RHL CELL TO CELL SIGNALLING SYSTEM The rhl cell to cell signalling system controls the production of rhamnolipid. The system regulates the expression of the rhl AB operon that encodes a rhamnosyltransferase required for rhamnolipid production. It is also important for Las B elastase, protease, pyocyanin and alkaline transferase production (36). ANTIMICROBIAL REACTIVITY OF P. AERUGINOSA Like most gram negative bacilli, P.aeruginosa has been reported to have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants. It was originally sensitive to Carbernicillin, piperacillin, Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs. Degrees of cross-resistance between these agents have been reported however (13, 14). Treatment of infections by P. aeruginosa is often difficult because of its virulence and limited choice of antimicrobial agents. P. aeruginosa has the capacity to carry multiresistance plasmids, and this feature has led to the appearance of some strains that are resistant to all reliable antibiotics (37). In a study carried out at the Post Graduate Medical Institute Hayatabad Medical complex in Afghanistan on the prevalence and resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa against various antibiotics, the highest resistance was observed against ampicillin, ampicillin/ sulbactam, co-amoxiclave and ofloxacin and least resistance was observed against amikacin. Similarly t he MIC for ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam and co-amoxiclave against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also high (11). A similar study carried out at Dhaka Medical College Hospital in 2006 showed that almost all of the P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to cefixime and co-trimoxazole, majority were resistant to ceftazidime, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. The result of the study showed that imipenem is the most effective drug against P. aeruginosa, followed by amikacin and ciprofloxacin (39). MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COMMONLY USED ANTIBIOTICS The commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections are Aminoglycosides (for example Gentamicin and amikacin), Penicillins (such as cabernicillin), Quinolones (for example Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin), Cephalosporins (ceftazidime) and Carbapenemes (meropenem and imipenem) (37). Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Carbapenemes inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. They are ÃŽ ²-lactam agents. Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines are inhibitors of protein synthesis. Quinolones are inhibitors of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis (17). RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS The antimicrobial resistance conferred by P. aeruginosa is due to mutations in the organisms genetic material. No single mutation is responsible for multidrug resistance. Mutations to topoisomerase 2 and 4 confer fluoroquinolone resistance. Derepression of the chromosomal AmpC ÃŽ ²-lactamase reduces susceptibility to penicillins and cephalosporins. Up-regulation of MexAB-OprM compromises the fluoroquinolones, penicillins, cephalosporins and it also enhances resistance to many other drugs that lack useful anti-pseudomonal actions (38). 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Considering the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to persist and multiply in moist places and in most pieces of equipment in hospital wards (4), antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern. This is attributed to the fact that the organism is able to withstand conditions such as high temperature and high concentrations of salts and antiseptic (10). It is therefore imperative to constantly evaluate the pathogenesis and sensitivity patterns of P.aeruginosa so as to prevent further spread and recurrence of infection in the hospital set up. 1.3 HYPOTHESIS Null Hypothesis (H0) The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in wound and pus swab specimens at Parirenyatwa hospital is 6.7%. Alternative Hypothesis (H1) The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in wound and pus swab specimens at Parirenyatwa hospital is greater than 6.7%. 1.4 OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are: To determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in wound and pus swab specimens of patients admitted at Parirenyatwa hospital. To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates.

Magical Realism and Quantum Physics :: Magical Realism Literature

Magical Realism and Quantum Physics The term Magical Realism is said to have started with the German art critic Franz Roh, who used the trem to describe the return of art to Realism from Expressionism. The term Magical Realism has also been used to categorize some the novels and short stories of authors such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Gunter Grass, and John Fowls. These writers use techniques that combine the real and unreal in ways that make them believable and acceptable by both the reader and characters in the stories. These techniques also can be said to correspond with fields of study such as quantum physics. One of these techniques that can be connected to the field of quantum physics is the "closeness or near-merging of two realms, two worlds" (Faris). This technique was used in Gabriel Marquez's short story "Light is Like Water" when the two brothers Toto and Joel used a metaphor to make the two realms of imagination and reality become close to one another. According to some quantum physicists, this merging could theoretically happen. If quantum physicists were to read "Light is Like Water," I believe that they would come to the conclusion that a 'wormhole' had opened between two existing parallel universes and allowed such an event to take place. In his book HYPERSPACE: A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time Warps, and the Tenth Dimension Michio Kaku states that: Normally, life proceeds on each of these parallel planes independent of the others. On rare occasions, however, the planes may intersect and, for a brief moment, tear the fabric of space itself, which opens up a hole- or gateway- between these two universes. (23) This intersecting of planes of existence seems to have happened in "Light is Like Water." I believe the reason that Magical Realism has become such a popular genre is because the events that happen are believable and can be done without the aid of machines. Magical Realism also gives people a break from reality without really leaving the reality that they have come to know and trust. It also gives a look at things that we have overlooked in our busy lives.

Role of Leadership in Advanced Practice in Nursing

Contained herein is an analysis of role of leadership in advanced practice in learning. This is in understanding that lack of leadership in highly specialised nursing situation is mots likely to lead to ineffective provision of services to patients.According to Sofarelli (2005) advanced practice in nursing has the trend of incorporating individuals with deep understanding of all or specific areas of nursing practice. These individuals end up being relied upon in their respective stations to help deliver high quality healthcare services to patients.   These practitioners are further tasked with the responsibility of developing strategies to be applied in the future.However, their capacity to deliver is in most cases affected by lack of proper leadership skills. This analysis will therefore highlight three of the most common nursing leadership theories that could aid in helping professionals in advanced practice to effectively lead respective departments of institutions to better pos itions of meeting patient needs.Having professionals incorporate these theories in their day-to-day activities places them in positions of passing similar knowledge to followers, especially the new ones in nursing profession. In other words, the process of using leadership skills effectively ends up improving professionalism.The three nursing leadership to be discussed in this analysis includes: leader-follower, quantum, and transformational—each would be discussed independently. The theories are being included herein because of their proven effectiveness in achieving results. According to Porter (2007) the use of nursing theories reminds professionals about the best practices when carrying diverse activities. Individuals choose the theory to choose or even combine several approaches into hybrid leadership skills.In addition, professionals could embark on developing ways and means of having own leadership styles that do not fit with the theories discussed in this paper. The h ybrid system could be achieved intentionally by individuals or institutions; it could also be as a result of lack of proper knowledge of the theories. Results could, however, differ depending on the ability of using best practices in theory applications.Quantum leadership theory is mostly used in decision making processes and states that professionals need to look for own problem solving processes before seeking help from colleagues or seniors in respective work environment (Perra, 2001).In other words, the theory tends to initiate leadership in individual professionals, especially those in advanced practice. Fact that these individuals are usually tasked with the responsibility of leading others in various work situations means that they would have to solve problems in collaboration with the followers instead of running to respective superiors for help.Senior professionals in respective departments of institutions can therefore concentrate on other issues as nurses solve problems i ndependently. The senior management in healthcare institutions could, for instance, concentrate on more important issues such as strategy development and implementation (Kitson, 2001).ReferencesBrown, K. (2005). The Leader in Nursing.   Nursing Administration, 11(4), 91-115.Brown, M. (2003). Needs in nursing leadership to improve effectiveness. Nursing Management, 16(6), 101-108.Clifford, J. and Hastings, C (2000). Top trends predicted in nursing leadership. Nurse Management, 20(3), 16-24.Decker, M. (2004). Key to Quality Leadership. Nursing Administration, 22(3), 50-62.Smith, J.   (2003). Effective Leadership &   Management of Nursing. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.Kerfoot, C. (2001). Nursing Leadership and theory. Journal of Nursing, 5(2), 64-70.Kitson, A., (2003). Leadership in nursing & how it influence health policy & nursing practice. Advanced Nursing 29, 700-723.Mohr, W. (2000). Fading in Nursing Leadership. Journal of Nursing Management, 40, 100-127.Perra, G. (2001 ). Future of Healthcare Leadership & Quantum Mechanics. Nursing Administration, 22(3), 16-22.Porter, G. (2007). New Roles in Quantum Leadership. Nursing Administration, 32(11), 30-43.Sofarelli, S. (2005). Consequences of Nurse Shortage in Medical Centers. Daily Bruin, 27(4), 14-26.

LITERARNA MODERNA- SVETOVA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

LITERARNA MODERNA- SVETOVA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers LITERARNA MODERNA- SVETOVA SPOLOCENSKA SITUACIA- obdobie rozvoja modernej technickej spolocnosti - objavy - hrozba 1.sv.vojny akapitalisticka spolocnos silnie -spolocnos sa orientuje na moc abohatstvo FILOZOFIAfilozoficke smery: - Shoppenhauer- pesimizmus avoluntarizmus - Nietzsche- individualizmus a nihilizmus LITERATURA - snaha ospajanie viacerych druhov umenia -,umenie pre umenie" = PARNASIZMUS - dba ocistotu formy - prevlada forma basne nad jej obsahom - HVIEZDOSLAV -prevlada poezia nad prozou - prestava sa pisa spolocenska lyrika, zacina sa pisa lyrika osobna - prinasa cloveka samotara - basnici nezobrazuju svet, ktory vidia, ale, ktory citia - najdolezitejsim nastrojom lyriky sa stava slovo -umelecke smery : symbolizmus, impresionizmus, dekadencia SYMBOLIZMUS - vznik v19. stor. vo Francuzsku - reakcia na naturalizmus aparnasizmus - vnima svet zmyslovo avyuziva symboly - nadrauje ducha nad hmotu, unika zo spolocnosti, vychodisko hada mimo reality/v snoch, vpodvedomi/ - vplyva na hudba = verse su spevne, chceli vyjadri hudbu pomocou slov, pismen afarieb - ulohou symbolizmu bolo pomiesa zmysly - zacali pisa neviazanym versom - vyuzivaju senzualizmus- basne vyjadrovane lyricky cez atmosferu krajiny - symbolisti zili neviazanym sposobom zivota: PREKLATI BASNICI- Boudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine - ovplyvneni tiez dekadenciou, naturalizmom -zobrazuju skaredos azlo tohto sveta - protestuju proti pokrytectvu apretvarku - hadaju krasu vskaredych veciach - zili bohemskym zivotom - citlive, burlive, zlozite osobnosti - citili sa osamoteni, vycleneni zo spolocnosti, prekliati/znaky roman. hrdinu/ CH.BAUDELAIRE Tvorba: zbierka basni Kvety zla, Male basne vproze, vyber zjeho tvorby bas. zbierky Trosky, Clovek amore /reflexivna lyrika/- impresionizmus - odsudili ho za nemravneho , skazeneho basnika pre pisanie erotickej poezie - vea mystiky a nabozenstva Base vproze - kratky rytmizovany zaner vneviazanej reci - vyuziva tropy, figury, paralelizmus - graficky azvukovo pripomina prozu J.A. RIMBAUD Tvorba: Pobyt vpekle, base Relikviar, Iluminacie, Zora -base vproze -obohatil tvorbu ohlboku emocionalnos - vzah sPaulom Verlainom IMPRESIONIZMUS - vznikol v19. stor. vo Francuzsku - manifest impresionizmu = obraz od Claudia Monta Dojem, vychod slnka - zakladom impresionizmu je zachytavanie prchavych zmyslovych dojmov avnemov -najma vlyrike - vumeni - pointilizmus - bodkovacia technika - snazi sa okomplexne zobrazenie dojmu= synestezia - spaja vnemy rozneho zmysloveho povodu - hudobnos versa PAUL VERLAINE Tvorba: Saturnske basne / melodicke basne/, zivotopisne dielo Moje vazenia, esej Preklati basnici, Moja nemocnica, Vyznanie, Jesenna base - pomenovanie ,preklati basnici" DEKADENCIA - vznik 19. stor. vo Francuzsku - zaklad pre vznik symbolizmu aimpresionizmu - vtvorbe sa prejavila fantazia, naladovos, uzkos, depresia, pocity beznadeje - necenili si lasku azivot - na piedestal postavili zlo askaredos - temy smrti, noci, samoty, rozkladu - CH. BOUDELAIRE - Mrcina LITERARNA MODERNA- SLOVENSKA SPOLOCENSKA SITUACIA -SK ako sucas Uhorska, sl. narod neuznavany ako narod, ani jazyk, narod nie je jednotny- pokracuje narodnostny utlak - obdobie hosp. problemov - vypuknutie 1.sv vojny LITERATURA -paralelne tvoria prislusnici viacerych lit. smerov : autori 1. a2. vlne realizmu , nova generacia- slovenska literarna moderna - autori boli ovplyvneni romantizmom/ osamelos, vyjadrenie vl. pocitu, prirodna symbolika/, symbolizmom / vyuzivanie symbolov na vyjadrenie abstraktneho, hudobnos versa/, impresionizmus /doraz na atmosferu basne, nalady, dojem zo sveta, ale aj HVIEZDOSLAVOM AVAJANSKYM - riesili narodne aspolocenske konflikty, zarove vsak presadzovali pravo na vlastny pocit vbasni, na zachytavanie intimnych zachvevov duse avyjadrenie osobneho pocitu zo skutocnosti -na rozdiel od sv. moderny, ktora je skor subjektivnejsia ariesi prevazne osobne problemy ZNAKY - 1. lyricky hrdina= sam autor, osamely clovek, ktoreho zivot obera oiluzie, vyjadruje svoj smutok, sklamanie, citove sklamanie / Krasko/, intelektualna kriza / Jesensky/, rozbor medzi tuzbou autora askutocnosou/ vplyv romantizmu/ - 2. zanre= prevlada poezia nad prozou, kratsie basnicky, piese, sonet -3. vyuzivanie symbolov, basnickej skratky, naznaku, - 4. vers= sylabotonicky, modernejsi jazyk, prirodzeny slovosled, rytmicky usporiadany arymovany ivony vers - 5. = hudobnos versa : opakovanie hlasok vyvolavajucich zvukove dojmy Predstavitelia: Ivan Krasko, Janko Jesensky, Ivan Gall, Vladimir Roy, Frantisek Votruba IVAN KRASKO Tvorba: cyklus 9 basni Listok, zbierka Nox et solitudo = Uz je pozde, Plachy akord, Vesper dominicae (Nedeny vecer), Topole, Zmraka sa, Jehovah, Prsi- prsi, Quia pulvis sum (Pretoze som prach) zbierka Verse- basne zamerane viac spolocensky, obsahuje sonety - najznamejsie basne: Noc, Ja = basne vproze, Otrok = lyricky subjekt sa stylizuje do postavy otroka, vyzva do boja, Otcova roa= base je vycitkami svedomia autora, ktory opustil rodinu ivlas, je tu motiv vecera aprvky tajomnosti, Banici= ma burcujuci charakter, vyjadruje nadej, ze raz pride era slobody - vlastnym menom Jan Botto - spolok Detvan, chemicky inzinier vCechach - vea pseudonym - jeho tvorba je lyrickou spoveou, zhrnul ju do 2 zbierok - poezia vemi osobna, krehka, uprimna -zakladny zivotny pocit je smutok, nostalgia bezmocnos, beznadej, pesimizmus a pochybnos -autor ma pocit, ze nieco zameskal - tento pocit vyplyva z: 1. zo smutku za domovom, matkou, SK, 2. zosamelosti- uzavrety, tajnostkarsky clovek, pochyboval osebe, viere, laske 3. znenaplnenej lasky: pochyboval olaske, trpel na chorobu puc, lasku zobrazuje

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Organization Design 4370 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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